輕烴管網(wǎng)順序輸送的可行性研究

摘 要

摘 要:某油氣田輕烴管網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)目前采用間歇混合輸送的方式將原穩(wěn)烴、淺冷烴和深冷烴混合輸送至下游,存在管網(wǎng)壓力偏高且波動(dòng)大、管輸輕烴質(zhì)量差、外輸泵能耗偏大、管網(wǎng)運(yùn)行操作

摘 要:某油氣田輕烴管網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)目前采用間歇混合輸送的方式將原穩(wěn)烴、淺冷烴和深冷烴混合輸送至下游,存在管網(wǎng)壓力偏高且波動(dòng)大、管輸輕烴質(zhì)量差、外輸泵能耗偏大、管網(wǎng)運(yùn)行操作難度大等問題。為此,借鑒成品油管道順序輸送原理,綜合考慮各站場(chǎng)產(chǎn)烴類型、產(chǎn)烴量、泵機(jī)組外輸量、啟泵時(shí)間需求、管道承壓能力、輸烴順序、混烴界面等,計(jì)算得出輕烴管網(wǎng)的順序輸送方案,并提出了順序輸送時(shí)應(yīng)遵循的原則:所有站場(chǎng)采取集中注入方式進(jìn)行輕烴注入作業(yè);應(yīng)盡量避免各站場(chǎng)同時(shí)注入輕烴,采取相鄰站場(chǎng)相繼注入的方式,確保管道穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行;各站場(chǎng)注入輕烴時(shí)應(yīng)避開混烴段;各站場(chǎng)注入輕烴管網(wǎng)時(shí),必須滿足各注入支線的管輸能力及外輸泵的工作流量要求。最后驗(yàn)證了該方案的水力可行性和經(jīng)濟(jì)性。結(jié)果表明:輕烴管網(wǎng)采取順序輸送方案,可節(jié)省泵站運(yùn)行費(fèi)用l9.4萬元/a,減少混烴量約133.3×104m3a,對(duì)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)減少管網(wǎng)壓力波動(dòng)和混烴損失量等具有重要意義。

關(guān)鍵詞:輕烴  順序輸送  管網(wǎng)  水力可行性  經(jīng)濟(jì)性  調(diào)度計(jì)劃  混合輸送  時(shí)間窗

A feasibility study of light hydrocarbon batching transportation through pipeline networks

AbstractA light hydrocarbon pipeline network system in an oilfield is now transporting three light hydrocarbons including deep cooling hydrocarbon,crude stabilization hydrocarbon,and shallow freezing hydrocarbon,in a mixed and intermittent wavwhich also brings about such problems 3s a rather high pressure and large pressure fluctuation,poor quality of light hydrocarbons in pipeshigh energy consumption of efflux pumps,and bad operabilityTherefore,based on the principle of product oil batching transportation via pipelinesa scheme of light hydrocarbon batching transportation via pipelines was put forward completely considering the amount and quality of hydrocarbon produced,initial time requirement and capacity of efflux pump groups,pipeline loading capacity,hydrocarbon feeding ordermixed hydrocarbon interface,and so onAls0,this proposed scheme was suggested to foilow the foilowing principlesFirst,light hydrocarbons at each station should be fed in the pipeline by the concentrated inj ectionSecondlight hydrocarbons should be fed in succession at the neighboring stations instead of simultaneous injection thus to ensure the stable oDeration of pipelinesThird,the mixed hydrocarbon sections should be avoided through the light hydrocarbon injection at cach stationFourth,the capacity of each branch line and the work flow requirement of efflux pumps should be met when the light hydroearbons are injected into the pipeline network at each stationFinally,the hydraulic and economic feasibility of this scheme were validated and the results showed that if the batch transportation plan has been adoptedthe pumping power cost of the pipeline system can be reduced by 194 thousand yuan(RMB)per year and the mixed hydrocarbon volumes can be reduced by l.33 million m3 per yearThis study provides a valuable guidance for reducing the pipeline pressure fluctuations and mixed hydrocarbon losses,

Keywordslight hydrocarbons,hatching transportationpipeline network,hydraulic validation,econmical leasibility,scbeduling plan,mixed transDortationtime window

油氣田輕烴來源于兩方面:原油開采后,經(jīng)原油穩(wěn)定裝置處理后得來;②在天然氣凈化過程中通過天然氣深冷和淺冷裝毒生產(chǎn)而來[1]。其主要成分是C3C5的烷烴。目前輕烴作為一種新的能源逐漸被利用起來[2-3]。某油氣田輕烴管網(wǎng)采用間歇混合輸送的方式將不同處理裝置生產(chǎn)的不同輕烴產(chǎn)物混合輸送至下游,導(dǎo)致管網(wǎng)運(yùn)行存在2個(gè)問題:系統(tǒng)以間歇輸送模式運(yùn)行易導(dǎo)致泵機(jī)組啟停頻繁,系統(tǒng)壓力波動(dòng)較大,降低了泵機(jī)組壽命;②深冷烴、淺冷烴和原穩(wěn)烴混輸會(huì)造成輕烴質(zhì)量下降,系統(tǒng)壓力偏高,外輸泵能耗偏大[4],經(jīng)濟(jì)效益降低。因此,有必要對(duì)輕烴管網(wǎng)的輸送模式進(jìn)行改造[5]。借鑒成品油管道順序輸送原理[6],提出該輕烴管網(wǎng)順序輸送方案,并驗(yàn)證其水力可行性及經(jīng)濟(jì)性,以期改善輕烴管網(wǎng)的運(yùn)行現(xiàn)狀,為輕烴管網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)改造提供理論指導(dǎo)。

1 輕烴管網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)

某油氣田輕烴管網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)為枝狀的網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu),總長(zhǎng)度為410.9km,包含12條輸烴管道、l6個(gè)油氣處理站、輸烴管道38(管徑為76219mm)。經(jīng)過多年的擴(kuò)建改造,該輕烴管網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)的管道、產(chǎn)烴站場(chǎng)逐漸增多,廢棄、在用、在建管道交錯(cuò)。為便于研究,根據(jù)管道之間的地域因素和水力相關(guān)性,將其劃分為3個(gè)互相獨(dú)立的子系統(tǒng),分別進(jìn)行研究。

從地域分布來看,該輕烴管網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)可劃分為杏區(qū)與北部區(qū)塊,兩者之間沒有管道相連,各自形成獨(dú)立的水力系統(tǒng)。其中,北部區(qū)塊為網(wǎng)狀結(jié)構(gòu),因A站場(chǎng)與K站場(chǎng)之間管道已停止使用,因此,將北部區(qū)塊細(xì)分為北區(qū)和南區(qū)。輕烴管網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)的拓?fù)涫疽鈭D、子系統(tǒng)劃分情況見圖1、表l。圖l中綠色表示淺冷烴,紅色表示原穩(wěn)烴,黃色表示深冷烴,黑色箭頭線表示混輸管道,其余有色箭頭線則為僅輸送對(duì)應(yīng)顏色單種輕烴的管道。橢圓節(jié)點(diǎn)(NQ、T)僅僅作為輕烴輸送中途轉(zhuǎn)接節(jié)點(diǎn)之用,并不生產(chǎn)輕烴。A、B、CD、E、FG、HI、J、KI。、M、O、PR、S分別代表不同的產(chǎn)烴站場(chǎng)。

 

 

2 系統(tǒng)順序輸送方案研究

考慮到該輕烴管網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)管道直徑與輸送烴類的外輸量均較小,若采用單烴單管輸送的方案,將導(dǎo)致建設(shè)投資增大、單位輸烴成本上升。因此,基于目前輕烴管網(wǎng)的實(shí)際情況,采用順序輸送模式改善輕烴管網(wǎng)的工藝現(xiàn)狀。

與一般成品油管道進(jìn)行順序輸送不同,該輕烴管網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)各站場(chǎng)均為注入操作。結(jié)合順序輸送注入(分輸)模式[7],考慮輕烴管網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)營(yíng)與下游需求,輕烴管網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行順序輸送時(shí)應(yīng)遵循以下原則:

1)所有站場(chǎng)采取集中注入方式進(jìn)行輕烴注入作業(yè)。

2)為了確保管道穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行,應(yīng)盡量避免各站場(chǎng)同時(shí)注入輕烴;同時(shí)應(yīng)盡量使相鄰站場(chǎng)相繼注入輕烴,避免輸量波動(dòng)太大[8]。

3)各站場(chǎng)注入輕烴時(shí)應(yīng)避開混烴段[9]。

4)各站場(chǎng)注入輕烴管網(wǎng)時(shí),必須滿足各注入支線的管輸能力及外輸泵的工作流量要求[10]

21 制訂調(diào)度計(jì)劃

以南區(qū)為例說明該輕烴管網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)順序輸送調(diào)度計(jì)劃的制訂過程。依據(jù)南壓輕烴注入的實(shí)際情況(1),考慮將K、J站場(chǎng)所產(chǎn)深冷烴通過單獨(dú)管道進(jìn)行外輸,而K、I、H站場(chǎng)所產(chǎn)原穩(wěn)烴和J站場(chǎng)所產(chǎn)淺冷烴進(jìn)行順序輸送。南區(qū)節(jié)點(diǎn)T并不產(chǎn)烴,僅利用其較大的儲(chǔ)罐容量作調(diào)節(jié)之用。根據(jù)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)提供的南區(qū)輕烴管道里程、高程、管徑、壁厚、管長(zhǎng)等基礎(chǔ)參數(shù)(2),為便于研究,將南區(qū)管道模型簡(jiǎn)化為單源多注入的管道系統(tǒng)(3)。

 

 

綜合考慮各站場(chǎng)產(chǎn)烴類型、產(chǎn)烴量、泵機(jī)組外輸量、啟泵時(shí)間需求、管道承壓能力、輸烴順序、混烴界面等[11],計(jì)算得出適用于南區(qū)輕烴管網(wǎng)的順序輸送方案(4)[12]。圖4的橫軸表示輸送時(shí)間,縱軸表示各站場(chǎng)距離首站的距離,圖中的有色矩形表示輕烴注入的時(shí)間窗(矩形長(zhǎng)方向的起點(diǎn)為開始注入時(shí)間,終點(diǎn)為結(jié)束注入時(shí)間),時(shí)間窗的顏色表示注入輕烴的類型,綠色代表淺冷烴,紅色代表原穩(wěn)烴。另外,時(shí)間窗的高度和流量大小成正比。時(shí)間窗周圍顯示該批次的注入工況,如“4.921.325”表示該時(shí)間窗注入開始于4.9h,結(jié)束于21.3h,流量為25m2h。T節(jié)點(diǎn)輕烴的存儲(chǔ)時(shí)間依據(jù)各站場(chǎng)注烴時(shí)間而定,如,K站場(chǎng)注入的原穩(wěn)烴在T節(jié)點(diǎn)暫儲(chǔ)(見圖4A虛線處),以使K站原穩(wěn)烴、J站淺冷烴、H站原穩(wěn)烴產(chǎn)生的混烴量最少(見圖4B點(diǎn))。

 

相應(yīng)的外輸泵運(yùn)行方案如表2所示。

 

22 水力可行性驗(yàn)證

根據(jù)上述提出的南區(qū)輕烴管網(wǎng)順序輸送方案,分表2南區(qū)輕烴管網(wǎng)順序輸送外輸泵運(yùn)行方案表別對(duì)烴類進(jìn)入輕烴總庫罐區(qū)和實(shí)現(xiàn)越庫2種方式進(jìn)行水力可行性驗(yàn)證(3)。由表3可知,各管道并未超壓,且外輸泵能夠提供輕烴順序輸送所需要的能量,因此該方案具有水力可行性。

 

23 經(jīng)濟(jì)性驗(yàn)證

結(jié)合現(xiàn)場(chǎng)數(shù)據(jù),從泵站運(yùn)行費(fèi)用和混烴量?jī)煞矫鎭眚?yàn)證南區(qū)輕烴管網(wǎng)順序輸送方案的經(jīng)濟(jì)性(4)[13]。表4表明,南區(qū)輕烴管網(wǎng)實(shí)現(xiàn)順序輸送后,可節(jié)省泵站運(yùn)行費(fèi)用76678元/a

 

另外,采用Austin-Palfrey公式計(jì)算輕烴管網(wǎng)順序輸送時(shí)不同批次界面之間的混烴量比目前混輸模式下的混烴量約少l33×104m3a[14]。整個(gè)輕烴管網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)采用順序輸送模式后經(jīng)濟(jì)性得到了較好驗(yàn)證(5)。

 

3 結(jié)束語

輕烴管網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)的復(fù)雜性直接增加了其運(yùn)行、改造的難度。針對(duì)該復(fù)雜輕烴管網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)粗放式間歇混合輸送原穩(wěn)烴、淺冷烴和深冷烴造成的若干問題,提出管網(wǎng)順序輸送設(shè)想,并給出適用于現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的順序輸送方案,驗(yàn)證了該方案的水力可行性,并從泵站運(yùn)行費(fèi)用和混烴量?jī)煞矫娣謩e驗(yàn)證了該方案的經(jīng)濟(jì)性,為輕烴管網(wǎng)順序輸送運(yùn)行提供了理論指導(dǎo)。

 

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本文作者:梁永圖  張妮  姜夏雪  周江宏

作者單位:中國(guó)石油大學(xué)(北京)

  中國(guó)石油管道公司管道科技研究中心

  中國(guó)石油大慶油田有限責(zé)任公司天然氣分公司