鄂爾多斯盆地靖邊氣田下古生界非均質(zhì)性氣藏的產(chǎn)量遞減規(guī)律

摘 要

摘 要:鄂爾多斯盆地靖邊氣田下古生界氣藏具有非均質(zhì)性強的特點,隨著開發(fā)程度的提高,氣藏地層壓力逐漸降低,不同區(qū)塊的生產(chǎn)動態(tài)特征表現(xiàn)出明顯的差異性。為了給氣田的滾動開發(fā)和

摘 要:鄂爾多斯盆地靖邊氣田下古生界氣藏具有非均質(zhì)性強的特點,隨著開發(fā)程度的提高,氣藏地層壓力逐漸降低,不同區(qū)塊的生產(chǎn)動態(tài)特征表現(xiàn)出明顯的差異性。為了給氣田的滾動開發(fā)和產(chǎn)能彌補提供參考依據(jù),在氣田的不同開發(fā)階段選擇了有代表性的2個高滲透區(qū)塊和1個低滲透區(qū)塊開展了氣井定壓生產(chǎn)試驗。通過Arps產(chǎn)量遞減分析方法,對于井口壓力為l3MPa6MPa3MPa的生產(chǎn)條件下的試驗數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行了分析,揭示了該氣田下古生界非均質(zhì)性氣藏的產(chǎn)量遞減規(guī)律:高滲透區(qū)塊在高壓和低壓條件下的產(chǎn)量遞減均符合指數(shù)遞減類型,且隨著井口壓力的降低,產(chǎn)量遞減率趨緩;低滲透區(qū)塊的產(chǎn)量遞減符合雙曲遞減類型;同時高、低滲透區(qū)塊的產(chǎn)量遞減率又表現(xiàn)出一定的共性,在采氣速度一定的條件下,產(chǎn)量遞減率與井口壓力呈正比,與動用地質(zhì)儲量、泄流半徑和儲層能量補給速度呈反比。

關(guān)鍵詞:鄂爾多斯盆地  靖邊氣田  早古生代  非均質(zhì)性  產(chǎn)量  遞減規(guī)律  分析

Deliverability decline law of heterogeneous Lower Paleozoic gas reservoirs in the Jingbian Gas Field,Ordos Basin

AbstractThe Paleozoic gas reservoirs in the Jingbian Gas Field,Ordos Basin,are characterized by strong heterogeneityWith the rapid development of this gas field,the gas reservoir formation pressure is gradually reduced and the production dynamic characteristics of different blocks are significantly distinct from each otherTo provide a reference for the progressive development and produetion capacity compensation,typical blocks include two high-permeability blocks and one low-permeability block are selected to under go a pilot test of gas well constant pressure production at different development stages of this fieldThe test datacollected from different wells with wellhead pressure of l3,6 and 3MPa respectively,is analyzed through the Arps equationand the results reveal the production decline law of the lower Paleozoic gas reservoirs in the Jingbian Gas Field(1)The production of high-permeability blocks under high and low pressure is in exponential decline,while the production decline rate tends to be flat-lined with the decrea sing wellhead pressure(2)The production of low-permeability blocks is in hyperbolic decline(3)The production decline law of high-and low-permeability blocks have some common features,that is,under a certain gas production rate,the production declinerate is proportional to wellhead pressure,but is inversely proportional to dynamic producing reserve,drainage radius,and reservoir energy recharge speed

Key wordsOrdos Basin,Jingbian Gas Field,Early Paleozoic,heterogeneity,production,decline lawanalysis

 

1 氣田概況

靖邊鄂爾多斯盆地氣田為一個區(qū)域性西傾大單斜,地層傾角0.5o左右,每1000m坡降710m。氣田發(fā)育上、下古生界兩套含氣層系,其中下古生界氣藏是一個以溶蝕孔洞白云巖為儲層,低滲透、低豐度、巖性一地層復(fù)合圈閉氣藏[1-2],目前的地質(zhì)研究和開發(fā)動態(tài)表現(xiàn)出非均質(zhì)性強、開發(fā)動態(tài)差異大的特征。

靖邊氣田從1997年投入開發(fā),2003年生產(chǎn)能力達(dá)到55×108m3a,目前處于穩(wěn)產(chǎn)階段。通過滾動開發(fā),新建產(chǎn)能彌補老區(qū)塊的產(chǎn)能遞減保持氣田穩(wěn)產(chǎn),在氣田開發(fā)的不同階段,選擇典型區(qū)塊開展定壓試驗,分析不同壓力下的產(chǎn)量遞減規(guī)律,為氣田長期穩(wěn)產(chǎn)提供技術(shù)支撐(1)

 

2 遞減規(guī)律分析方法

筆者根據(jù)氣田產(chǎn)量的變化規(guī)律,采用JJArps遞減的3種最基本規(guī)律(即指數(shù)遞減、調(diào)和遞減和雙曲線遞減規(guī)律),通過繪制產(chǎn)量與時間的關(guān)系曲線,然后求取方程的解來分析研究產(chǎn)量的遞減規(guī)律和產(chǎn)量預(yù)測[3-8]。即

Q=Qi(1+Dit/n)-n

式中Q為遞減階段任意時刻的產(chǎn)量,104m3d;Qi為遞減階段的初始產(chǎn)量,104m3dDit為初始瞬時遞減率,l/月;t為遞減階段生產(chǎn)時問;n為遞減指數(shù),當(dāng)n=1時為調(diào)和遞減,當(dāng)n=∞時為指數(shù)遞減,當(dāng)l<n<∞時為雙曲遞減。

3 試驗區(qū)塊產(chǎn)量遞減分析

靖邊氣田投入開發(fā)后選取了3個典型區(qū)塊開展定壓生產(chǎn)試驗:A井區(qū)20041月至2005l0月,試驗階段油壓l3.5Mpa[9]B井區(qū)20097月至201112月,試驗階段油壓為6.4MPaC井區(qū)在20093月增壓穩(wěn)產(chǎn)期結(jié)束后定壓生產(chǎn),定壓生產(chǎn)階段油壓為3.0MPa。通過計算分析上述3個不同壓力的定壓生產(chǎn)數(shù)據(jù),研究下古生界氣藏典型區(qū)塊的產(chǎn)量遞減規(guī)律。

31井口壓力為13.0Mpa

A井區(qū)投產(chǎn)井27口,20041月開始定壓生產(chǎn)試驗,累計產(chǎn)氣24.1306×108m3,地質(zhì)儲量采出程度12.11%。試驗期間平均生產(chǎn)油壓l3.5MPa,200510月檢修關(guān)井結(jié)束。7口井受到動態(tài)監(jiān)測影響生產(chǎn)不連續(xù),整理符合產(chǎn)量遞減條件的20口試驗井生產(chǎn)數(shù)據(jù),試驗初期產(chǎn)氣量134.2271×104m3d,試驗?zāi)┢诰诋a(chǎn)氣量98.3783×104m3d(2)。

 

初始產(chǎn)量(Qi)4157.1912×104m3,初始遞減率(Dit)0.0168,井區(qū)整體產(chǎn)量下降符合指數(shù)遞減規(guī)律,年遞減率為18.16(3、4),產(chǎn)能遞減方程為:

Q=4157.1912e-0.0168t

 

多數(shù)單井遞減率接近20%,l4口單井產(chǎn)量遞減類型符合指數(shù)遞減,6口單井產(chǎn)量遞減類型符合調(diào)和遞減。如Al2井,初始產(chǎn)量為249.0577×104m3,初始遞減率為0.0184,年遞減率19.83(5、6),產(chǎn)能遞減方程為:

Q=249.0577e-0.0184t

 

 

32井口壓力為6.0Mpa

B井區(qū)投產(chǎn)氣井7口,20097月至20114月開展定壓試驗,累計產(chǎn)氣20.778 1×108m3,地質(zhì)儲量采出程度34.06%。試驗期間平均生產(chǎn)油壓為6.0MPa,產(chǎn)氣量52.0201×104m3d;試驗?zāi)┢诰诋a(chǎn)氣量為36.8238×104m3d(7、89)。

 

 

 

初始產(chǎn)量為1510.4279×104m3,初始遞減率0.0122,井區(qū)整體產(chǎn)量下降符合指數(shù)遞減規(guī)律,年遞減率l3.62%,6口單井符合指數(shù)遞減,年遞減率接近15%,產(chǎn)能遞減方程為:

Q=1510.4279e-0.0122t

33井口壓力為30Mpa

C井區(qū)投產(chǎn)井9口,20071月開始增壓生產(chǎn),截止到200612月,歷年累計產(chǎn)氣3.9526×108m3,地質(zhì)儲量采出程度3.49%。20093月增壓穩(wěn)產(chǎn)期結(jié)束,進(jìn)入增壓產(chǎn)量遞減階段。

5口井受到動態(tài)監(jiān)測影響生產(chǎn)不連續(xù),對符合遞減分析條件的4口井生產(chǎn)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行整理分析(10),遞減階段初期日產(chǎn)氣量7.8475×104m3,增壓遞減階段平均油壓3.0MPa。整體符合雙曲遞減,初始遞減率0.0217,初始產(chǎn)量7.3352×104m3,l年后產(chǎn)量5.9448×104m3,年遞減率15.82%;l5年后產(chǎn)量2.6897×104m3,年遞減率1.85(11)

 

 

4 遞減特征分析

41高滲透區(qū)遞減特征

A井區(qū)和B井區(qū)同屬于高滲透區(qū)塊,在定壓生產(chǎn)條件下的產(chǎn)量遞減規(guī)律均符合指數(shù)型;隨著氣藏開發(fā)的進(jìn)行,氣藏采出程度增大(A井區(qū)采出程度l2.11%,B井區(qū)采出程度34.06),井口壓力降低(A井區(qū)13.5MPaB井區(qū)6.0MPa),氣井的泄流半徑有所增加,在采氣速度基本一致的情況下,產(chǎn)量遞減有所減緩[10]。

42低滲透區(qū)遞減特征

C井區(qū)屬于低滲透區(qū)塊,在穩(wěn)產(chǎn)期末采出程度僅有3.49%,各項開發(fā)指標(biāo)均低于高滲透區(qū),井均單位壓降產(chǎn)氣量僅為高滲區(qū)的14,泄流半徑小,儲層補給能量較差。C井區(qū)定壓生產(chǎn)條件下,初始遞減率高達(dá)26.04%,隨著生產(chǎn)時間延長,泄流半徑進(jìn)一步擴大,后期產(chǎn)量遞減逐漸減緩(1)[11]。

 

5 結(jié)論

1)通過井口壓力的控制,靖邊氣田實施了不同壓力下的定壓試驗,產(chǎn)量遞減分析表明:在較高的壓力和采氣速度條件下遞減率較高,隨著井口壓力的降低,遞減率趨于減緩。

2)高滲透區(qū)塊在不同壓力條件下的產(chǎn)量遞減規(guī)律相同,高壓和低壓條件下均符合指數(shù)遞減類型;低滲透區(qū)塊產(chǎn)量遞減符合雙曲遞減類型。

3)在采氣速度一定的條件下,產(chǎn)量遞減率與井口壓力呈正比,與動用地質(zhì)儲量、泄流半徑和儲層能量補給速度呈反比。

 

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本文作者:晏寧平  王旭  呂華  黃文科  黃剛

作者單位:中國石油長慶油田公司第一采氣廠